RAJASTHAN RIVERS
Chambal River Basin is located in eastern Rajasthan, Banas and Mahi Basins lie to its west, and Gambhir and Parbati Basins to its north. Its eastern and southern edges border Madhya Pradesh State.
Chambal River Basin extends over parts of Chittorgarh, Bhilwara, Bundi, Sawai Madhopur, Tonk, Jhalawar, Kota, Baran and Dholpur Districts.
The total catchment area of the Basin is 31,460 km2 (excluding Banas Basin, which is also a tributary of Chambal) according to the 1:250,000 scale topographical maps published by the Survey of India.
Orographically, the western part of the Basin is marked by hilly terrain belonging to the Vindhyan chain, with fairly sloping terrain along the Chambal River and its tributaries. East of Kota-Jhalawar lies an extensive alluvial plain sloping gently northwards towards the Yamuna River in Uttar Pradesh.
2. Drainage
River Chambal, a principal tributary of river Yamuna, originates in the Vindhyan ranges near Mhow in Indore District of Madhya Pradesh, at an elevation of 354 m, at latitude 22o27' and longitude 73o20'. The river flows through the states of Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan and Uttar Pradesh.
The basin is roughly rectangular in shape, with a maximum length of 560 km in a northeast- southwest direction. The river flows for some 320 km in a generally northerly direction before entering a deep gorge in Rajasthan at Chourasigarh, about 96 km upstream of Kota. The deep gorge extends up to Kota and the river then flows for about 226 km in Rajasthan in a north-easterly direction, and then forms the boundary between MP and Rajasthan for about 252 km. Thereafter, the river forms the boundary between MP and UP for about 117 km, enters UP near Charak Nagar village and flows for about 40 km before joining river Yamuna.
The main tributaries of river Chambal are Siwana, Retam, Shipra and Choti Kalisindh in MP, Kalisindh, Parwati, Parwan and Banas in Rajasthan.
The mean annual rainfall over the Chambal Basin was computed as 797 mm, of which about 93% falls during the four Monsoon months (June-September).
4. Existing Surface Water Projects
There are 7 Major (Gandhi Sagar, Rana Pratap Sagar, Jawahar Sagar, Kota Barrage, Parwati Pick-up Weir, Harish Chander Sagar and Gudha Dam), 12 Medium and 134 Minor irrigation projects in Chambal River Basin, as well as some small irrigation systems (covering less than 20 ha) constructed and operated by Panchayat Samities (PS).
5. Ongoing Surface Water Projects
52 irrigation projects, including 7 Medium projects with a total live storage capacity of 271 Mm3, are under construction in Chambal River Basin. An additional area of 502 kha will be irrigated on completion of these projects, expected between 1997 and 2015.
6. Proposed Surface Water Projects
376 irrigation projects, including 10 Major (Manohar Thana, Parwan Dhanwas, Kalisindh, Gugar Lift, Soni, Dholpur Lift, Indira Lift, Pipalda Lift and Chambal Lift), with a total live storage capacity of 1743 Mm3, have been proposed in Chambal Basin. An additional area of 630 kha will be irrigated on completion of these projects.
Tributaries: Alnia, Kalisindhi, Parwan, Mej, Chakan, Parwati, Kunu.
Tributaries of Chambal Basin
1. Alnia==>>River Alnia originates in the north-western slopes of Mukindwara hills, and flows for about 58 km before joining the Chambal near Notana village in Kota District.
2. Kalisindhi==>>River Kalisindh originates in the northern slopes of the Vindhya hills. It flows in MP and enters Rajasthan near Binda village in Jhalawar District. It flows for about 145 km north in Rajasthan before joining river Chambal near Nonera village in Kota District. The catchment in Rajasthan extends over parts of Jhalawar and Kota Districts.
Tributaries: Ahu, Amjhar and Parwan
3. Parwan==>>River Parwan is an important interstate river. It originates in the Malwa Plateau and after flowing for about 186 km in MP enters Rajasthan near Kharibor village in Jhalawar District. It joins river Kalisindh near Ramgarh village in Kota District. The Rajasthan portion of the catchment lies in Jhalawar and Kota Districts.Tributaries: Ujar, Newaj, Ghar, Chappi and Ghorapachhar
4. Mej==>>River Mej originates east of Mandalgarh Tehsil in Bhilwara District and joins river Chambal near Bhaius Khana village in Kota District. The catchment extends over Bhilwara, Bundi, and Tonk Districts.
5. Chakan==>>River Chakan is formed by the confluence of many local nallahs. The river flows in a south-easterly direction and joins river Chambal near Karanpura village in Sawai Madhopur District. The catchment is situated in Sawai Madhopur, Tonk, Bundi and Kota Districts.
6. Parwati==>>Parwati river originates in the northern slopes of the Vindhyan hills in MP. It enters Rajasthan near Chatarpura village in Baran District, where it forms the boundary between MP and Rajasthan for about 18 km, then flows for about 83 km in Rajasthan before again forming the boundary between MP and Rajasthan for a length of about 58 km up to Pali village in Kota District, where it joins the Chambal. The river catchment in Rajasthan is situated in Kota and Jhalawar Districts.
Tributaries: Lhasi, Berni, Andheri, Retri, Dubraj, Bilas and Kunu.
7. Kunu==>>River Kunu originates north of Guna town in MP. It flow for 48 km in MP before entering Rajasthan near Museri village in Baran District. The river enters again MP and flows north for about 24 km before again re-entering Rajasthan near Gordhanpura village in Kota District and joins Chambal river. The catchment in Rajasthan lies in Baran District.
Tributaries: Karal and Rempi
Dams on the Chambal
In a stretch of 96 km, from km 344 to km 440 from its source, the Chambal flows through a deep gorge, while lower down, there are wide plains. The Gandhisagar Dam is located near the center of this reach. As there is a deep gorge immediately upstream of the dam, the reservoir has a large storage capacity despite its comparatively low height. For the next 48 km, the river flows through the Kundal Plateau, and the Rana Pratap Sagar Dam is constructed at the lower end of this reach, about 1.6 km upstream of Chulia Falls. Again, the topography permits fairly good storage upstream of the dam. Further down, the Jawahar Sagar Dam is located in the middle of the Kota gorge. The Kota Barrage is located near Kota town, where the river emerges from the gorge section into the plateau. The total area draining the Kota Barrage is 27,319 km2.
The Chambal River is utilized for hydropower generation at Gandhi Sagar dam, Rana Pratap Sagar dam and Jawahar Sagar Dam and for annual irrigation of 5668.01 square kilometres in the commands of the right main canal and the left main canal of the Kota Barrage.
The Gandhi Sagar dam is the first of the four dams built on the Chambal River, located on the Rajasthan-Madhya Pradesh border. It is a 64 metre high masonry gravity dam, with a live storage capacity of 6,920 Mm³ and a catchment area of 22,584 km², of which only 1,537 km² is in Rajasthan. The dam was completed in the year 1960. The hydro-power station comprises five generating units of 23 MW capacity each. The water released after power generation is utilised for irrigation through Kota Barrage.
The Rana Pratap Sagar dam is a dam located 52 km downstream of Gandhi Sagar dam on across the Chambal River near Rawatbhata in Chittorgarh district in Rajasthan. It was completed in the year 1970 and it is the second in the series of Chambal Valley Projects. It is 54 meters high. The power house is located on the left side of the spillway and consists of 4 units of 43 MW each, with firm power generation of 90 MW at 60% load factor. The total catchment area of this dam is 24,864 km², of which only 956 km² are in Rajasthan. The free catchment area below Gandhi Sagar dam is 2,280 km². The live storage capacity is 1,566 Mm3.
The Jawahar Sagar Dam is the third dam in the series of Chambal Valley Projects, located 29 km upstream of Kota city and 26 km downstream of Rana Pratap Sagar dam. It is a concrete gravity dam, 45 meter high and 393 m long, generating 60 MW of power with an installed capacity of 3 units of 33 MW. The work was completed in 1972. The total catchment area of the dam is 27,195 km², of which only 1,496 km² are in Rajasthan. The free catchment area below Rana Pratap Sagar dam is 2,331 km².
The Kota Barrage is the fourth in the series of Chambal Valley Projects, located about 0.8 km upstream of Kota City in Rajasthan. Water released after power generation at Gandhi Sagar dam, Rana Pratap Sagar dam and Jawahar Sagar Dams, is diverted by Kota Barrage for irrigation in Rajasthan and in Madhya Pradesh through canals on the left and the right sides of the river. The work on this dam was completed in 1960. The total catchment area of Kota Barrage is 27,332 km², of which the free catchment area below Jawahar Sagar Dam is just 137 km². The live storage is 99 Mm³. It is an earthfill dam with a concrete spillway. The right and left main canals have a headworks discharge capacity of 188 and 42 m³/sec, respectively. The total length of the main canals, branches and distribution system is about 2,342 km, serving an area of 2,290 km² of CCA. The Barrage operates 18 gates to control flow of flood and canal water downstream, and serves as bridge between parts of Kota on both side of the river.
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